Tag: Human Rights

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International Human Rights Day 2024: reality or illusion in the shadow of authoritarianism?

Post author By velyunsky
Post date December 10, 2024

On December 10, the world celebrates International Human Rights Day, which reminds us of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948. This document symbolizes humanity’s quest for freedom, equality, and dignity. In 2024, the theme of this day sounds like a call to action: “Our rights, Our future, Right now”. However, in Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA), the events of recent years make us wonder: is the UDHR still a beautiful theory, far from real life?

The region is witnessing serious deviations from the principles of the declaration. Basic rights are under attack: freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, protection of vulnerable groups, including LGBTIQ+ people, and the work of civil society organizations. The influence of external forces, primarily russia, is strengthening authoritarian tendencies and suppressing democratic aspirations.

Georgia: the road from democratic progress to pressure and censorship

The situation in Georgia is deeply worrying. The law on “foreign agents” adopted on May 28, 2024, was a serious blow to freedom of speech and the work of non-profit organizations (NPOs). This law, which requires organizations that receive foreign funding to register as “foreign agents,” has created conditions for the suppression of civil society. Media and NPOs assisting key groups face new bureaucratic barriers, fines, and the threat of closure.

The LGBTIQ+ community has been particularly vulnerable. In 2023, radical groups disrupted the Tbilisi Pride parade and the authorities failed to prevent the violence. Moreover, in 2024, the Georgian Parliament passed anti-LGBTIQ+ laws masquerading as a defense of “family values.” These measures increase censorship, restrict the right to peaceful assembly, and set a dangerous precedent: the rights of any group can be violated under the pretext of “traditions.”

The protests that have swept the country since the 2024 parliamentary elections are a response to the authorities’ actions that threaten democratic foundations. Instead of protecting human rights, Georgia is increasingly under the influence of pro-Russian forces that undermine its European ambitions.

Kyrgyzstan: stifling civil society and fighting against equality

In Kyrgyzstan, the situation is no less alarming. The law “On Non-Profit Organizations” adopted in 2024 practically copies the russian approach to “foreign agents” by introducing the concept of a “foreign representative”. This step complicates the work of NPOs that depend on international funding to implement social projects.

In parallel, pressure on the LGBTIQ+ community is increasing in the country. The Law on “Traditional Social Values”, signed by the President in 2023, prohibits information that, in the opinion of the authorities, contradicts these values. Moreover, the Parliament’s refusal to pass an anti-discrimination law demonstrates a complete disregard for equality and human rights. Kyrgyzstan, previously considered one of the freer states of Central Asia, is losing this reputation. And its path increasingly resembles the russian scenario.

Human rights: the challenge of the present, the foundation of the future

The slogan of 2024 – “Our rights, Our future, Right now” – sounds especially acute in the context of human rights being threatened in EECA. The struggle for these rights is not only a task for individual countries but also a challenge for the international community.

The UDHR should not be a monument to history, but a living instrument of the struggle for freedom. Confronting authoritarian practices, defending civil society, and putting pressure on governments that support repression – these are the real steps to ensure that human rights are no longer an unattainable reality, the spread of authoritarianism is halted and the region is given back the chance for a stable and free future.

Each of us deserves to live without fear: 16 Days of Activism Against Gender-Based Violence global campaign launches

Post author By velyunsky
Post date November 25, 2024

Every 10 minutes, a woman dies around the world. Her life is taken not by tragic accident or overwhelming force, but by the deliberate actions of those who should have been there to love and protect her. Nearly one in three women in the world (about 736 million people) has experienced physical or sexual violence by a partner or another person at least once in her life. This is not counting sexual harassment. For adolescents, the situation is even more alarming: one in four girls has experienced partner violence. As a result, they face long-term consequences: depression, anxiety disorders, unplanned pregnancies, STIs, and HIV.

Violence against women is an epidemic that permeates every culture, every country, every family. It is a global problem for which there is no reasonable excuse.

Women and girls are at risk where they should feel safe – at home. A place where one waits for warmth, support, and peace. But for millions of women around the world, home becomes a place of terror. Over 55% of homicides of women are committed by their intimate partners or family members. By comparison, only 12% of male homicides occur in the private sphere. Every year, approximately 89,000 women and girls around the world are killed by those who are supposed to be their protectors. These numbers are not just statistics. There are thousands of stories that might not exist if the world united to stop this cycle.

These statistics are shocking, but they are just the tip of the iceberg. Violence against women doesn’t always end in murder, but it starts with manifestations that many might consider “minor”: humiliation, manipulation, and control. But these are the same chains that bind women and often end in femicide – the intentional killing because of the victim’s gender.

As REAct statistics show, Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA) face this problem particularly acutely. In our region, violence against women is a national catastrophe. It is found at all levels of society and in every sphere of life. In the EECA region, violence against women remains a large-scale and complex problem. Here, violence takes both traditional forms – domestic and sexual violence – and more modern ones, such as digital bullying.

Women living with HIV are often stigmatized and discriminated against, which increases their vulnerability to gender-based violence. They may face denial of medical services, blackmail, or violence from relatives or partners. In EECA, the level of stigma around HIV remains high, which exacerbates their situation.

LGBTIQ+ women experience double discrimination based on gender and sexual orientation/gender identity. This manifests itself in domestic violence, rejection by society, and lack of police protection. In some EECA countries, the criminalization of homosexuality and high levels of homophobia make access to assistance almost impossible.

Sex workers are in one of the most vulnerable positions due to the criminalization of their activities in most EECA countries. They are often subjected to violence by clients, pimps and police. Fear of exposure or arrest forces them to tolerate violence.

Drug use is often associated with economic dependence, violence, and exploitation. Women from this group tend to avoid seeking help for fear of arrest or stigmatization.

Vulnerable women require special attention in the global fight against violence. Their rights and safety must be prioritized in national strategies and international initiatives. Human rights-based approaches, inclusion, and decriminalization can significantly improve their situation.

But despite all the difficulties, there are examples of progress in the EECA region over the past few years:

– Introduction of legislative reforms in Uzbekistan: criminalization of domestic violence and other measures. In April 2023, Uzbekistan took an important step towards protecting women and children by adopting a law criminalizing domestic violence. Amendments to the country’s Criminal and Administrative Codes provide for stricter penalties for physical and sexual violence, including offenses against minors and persons with disabilities. The law eliminates the possibility of parole for sex offenders and introduces expanded protection orders for up to a year. An important element of the reforms is the prohibition of convicted sex offenders from engaging in the education and upbringing of children. Additional victim protection mechanisms are also being put in place, including social and legal support for women facing violence, especially in rural areas where patriarchal attitudes remain strong. However, activists note that the new laws still need to be fully implemented and cultural barriers to compliance must be overcome….

– Kazakhstan: discussions on the return of criminalization. In 2023, Kazakhstan saw an important change in legislation aimed at strengthening measures against domestic violence, namely the return of provisions punishing minor injury and battery as part of domestic violence, which had been removed from the Criminal Code in 2017. The law was initiated amid increased public pressure, including after a high-profile case involving the murder of a woman by her husband, a former national economy minister. The amendments provide for fines, compulsory labor, and arrests for offenders, as well as harsh measures for violence against children and inducement to suicide. In addition, preventive work with families has been strengthened. The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Kazakhstan reported that in 2023, more than 87,000 protective orders were issued for victims of violence and about 15,000 special requirements for the behavior of offenders were established. The number of arrests for violations doubled.

However, such initiatives and changes at all levels need to happen on an ongoing basis in order to make a difference both in the region and to influence global statistics as a whole.

The 16 Days of Activism Against Gender Violence campaign, launched in 1991 by the Center for Global Women’s Leadership, has become a critical initiative in the fight against violence. From November 25 (International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women) to December 10 (Human Rights Day), millions of people around the world are raising their voices to remind us: that violence against women is a human rights violation. It is not just a personal tragedy; it is a societal problem. And combating it requires efforts at all levels. Here are the key steps:

Awareness. Spreading awareness of the problem is an important step. The more people understand the scope and impact of violence, the easier it is to bring attention to the problem.

Support for survivors. Women survivors need shelter, legal assistance, and emotional support.
Education. Teaching young people about respect, equality, and non-violence helps break the cycle of violence.
Legislation. Strengthening laws against violence and their strict enforcement protects women and punishment for perpetrators.
International solidarity. Bringing together governments, NGOs, activists, and citizens to stand up to violence globally.

Every woman who raises her voice against violence saves someone’s life. Every person who condemns violence and supports survivors makes the world a safer place. Violence can be stopped. It is important to remember: that equality is not a luxury, it is a right. Every woman, regardless of age, status, or country of residence, has the right to live freely, free from violence and fear.

Join the campaign, and take a step toward a world without violence:

Wear orange as a symbol of solidarity.
Participate in activities during the 16 Days of Activism.
Share on social media with the hashtags #NoExcuse and #OrangeTheWorld.
Support survivors of violence.

Every action is important. After all, violence is not just a problem for women. It’s a challenge to all of humanity.

Every woman deserves to live. Without fear. Without pain. Without violence.

When love becomes a threat: How domestic violence in Tajikistan hides behind closed doors

Post author By velyunsky
Post date November 1, 2024

Leyla (name changed) is a 29-year-old woman who has faced domestic violence for many years. She is married to a man who, she says, changed a long time ago. When Leila first married her husband, she was sure she had found her love. Her husband courted her beautifully, gave her expensive gifts, and bought her an apartment – everything seemed perfect. But years later, everything changed. Violence, humiliation, and insults became part of her daily life.

When the husband gets angry, he starts insulting the woman, swearing, and throwing objects at her. However, the worst thing, according to Leyla, is not the physical violence, but the fear she feels. Leyla is afraid to ask for anything, and cannot even talk to him calmly. And if he finds out that she has approached someone or complained, she will not feel well.

In addition, Leila believes that her husband has another woman, which adds even more tension to her already complicated life. She feels more vulnerable as she cannot seek help because of her position as a third wife. Leila married her husband against her parents’ wishes and now she feels her position is even more defenseless.

She contacted the REActors hotline after seeing the number on social media, but despite recognizing that her life was in danger, Leila did not know how to proceed or if the issue could be resolved.

Her decision to seek help is the first step towards liberation. Leila’s case will not be ignored further and the woman will be given the help she asks for.

A night meeting that became a nightmare: the story of a victim of violence in Moldova

Post author By velyunsky
Post date October 18, 2024

Tatiana (name changed), a 30-year-old woman, approached the REActors with a story about a tragic incident that happened to her in N city. On that day, she felt unwell but decided to go out to a club. There she met three men with whom she socialized, but their behavior became aggressive and rude. Later, as she left the club, she felt her condition worsen and decided to return home, but as she approached the entranceway, the men followed her.

Without allowing her to enter the entryway, they grabbed her under the arm and forcibly placed her in a car. The men drove her to a deserted location where all three of them abused her and left her there. This egregious incident left her deeply traumatized and feeling defenseless. Although the client wished to remain anonymous as to the location of the incident, Tatiana reached out to REActors for help, with the hope that her story would help bring attention to such crimes.

This case emphasizes the importance of creating safe public spaces and making sure that women can feel protected and their rights are not violated. The abuse of women needs to be punished and publicly condemned to prevent the recurrence of such situations in the future.

Politics and LGBTIQ+ people: how hate rhetoric becomes a campaign tool in Moldova

Post author By velyunsky
Post date October 4, 2024

In the run-up to the presidential elections in Moldova, society once again witnessed attempts by politicians to use hate rhetoric against the LGBTIQ+ community as a campaign tool. This time, former President Igor Dodon accused the non-governmental organization Genderdoc-M of filing a “criminal complaint” against him concerning his political statements. According to Dodon, this is related to his campaign promises to ban “LGBT propaganda” in schools and Chisinau.

On September 10, Igor Dodon published a message in which he claimed that Genderdoc-M accused him of inciting prejudice-based violence. The occasion was his statement on the inadmissibility of LGBTIQ+ propaganda in schools, which was part of his election promises. The former president said that his position expressed the opinion of the majority of teachers and parents, which made such statements acceptable in his political program.

However, as early as September 11, Angelica Frolova, administrative director of Genderdoc-M, responded to Dodon’s accusations, saying that all of the organization’s complaints against the former president had been filed long before this case. She noted that the statement referred to by Dodon does not refer to the current year and has not been documented by the organization recently. Thus, the conflicts between the NGO and Dodon refer to earlier complaints, which cast doubt on the relevance of the politician’s claims.

The politician is also actively using the LGBTIQ+ theme in his campaign rhetoric, claiming that after the presidential election, the government led by Maia Sandu intends to introduce quotas for the employment of LGBTIQ+ people in state institutions. These claims were made on his program “Live with Igor Dodon” on September 13, where he assured viewers that European partners were demanding that Moldova implement quotas for the LGBTIQ+ community.

However, these claims were quickly refuted by government spokesman Daniel Voda, who called Dodon’s words “false.” In his statement, Voda reminded us that political campaigns should be based on respect for citizens, not manipulation and misinformation. He also mentioned Dodon’s previous false claims about employment quotas for Syrians, foreigners, and other groups, which had no real basis.

Using the LGBTIQ+ theme as a tool to mobilize the electorate is not a new technique for politicians, especially those who appeal to conservative and homophobic sentiments in society. Political leaders often use such rhetoric to create an image of an “enemy” that allegedly threatens traditional values and national identity. In Moldova, where the topic of European integration is hotly debated, the issue of LGBTIQ+ rights often becomes a reason to divide society into “pro-European” and “pro-conservative” citizens.

It should be noted that the presidential election to be held on October 20 will be an important stage for Moldova’s future. Although Igor Dodon is not running, his party, the Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova (PSRM), supports the candidacy of former Prosecutor General Alexandru Stoianoglo. In turn, Maia Sandu, the incumbent president and leader of the pro-European Action and Solidarity Party (PAS), will compete for the post again.

In an electoral race, the use of hate speech against the LGBTIQ+ community can be a serious challenge for a society striving for European integration and the building of a tolerant democratic state. Divisions in society based on prejudice and fear of imaginary threats can undermine trust in democratic processes and slow down the country’s path toward European human rights standards.

The example of Igor Dodon shows how hate rhetoric and manipulation can become a powerful tool in electoral struggles, especially against vulnerable groups such as the LGBTIQ+ community. It is important to remember that such discourse not only misinforms society but can also reinforce discrimination and violence. Society and political leaders must recognize the dangers of such rhetoric and strive for an open and constructive dialogue aimed at protecting the rights and freedoms of all citizens, regardless of their identity or orientation.

On the brink of despair: a woman’s struggle against violence and state bureaucracy in Azerbaijan

Post author By velyunsky
Post date September 13, 2024

Hava (name changed) is a 28-year-old woman from Azerbaijan who has been trapped in domestic violence for many years. She lived with her husband for six years, of which almost every day was an ordeal for her. He beat her regularly, and the woman endured constant psychological abuse. Despite this, Hava went to shelters twice, but each time she reconciled, trying to keep her family together for the sake of her children.

During these years, the woman repeatedly sought help from the executive authorities, but changes in her life were minimal. After contacting the REActors, a decision was made to contact the executive authorities again, asking them to intervene and help the family.

Despite the seriousness of the situation, the response of the authorities was alarming. Representatives of the executive authorities came to the institution to remove Hawa’s children. However, when the REActors asked for documents to support the need to remove the children, they were unable to provide any information that could justify their actions.

The situation became even more tense when Hava was discharged from the hospital after another outbreak of violence. Executive officials insisted that the children be hospitalized to check their health. At this point, despite the pressure, REActors were able to defend the mother’s rights and prevented the children from being taken away without proper documentation.

Probation or punishment: how inspectors in Kazakhstan prevent re-socialization

Post author By velyunsky
Post date August 15, 2024

In Kazakhstan, discrimination against former prisoners remains one of society’s hidden but acute problems. Even after serving their sentence and being released, many face unjustified obstacles, humiliation, and rough treatment from probation service representatives. A criminal record becomes an obstacle to a normal life, even if a person sincerely seeks re-socialization.

Askar (name changed) was released from prison at the request of an NGO. His release was a long-awaited event, as he was finally able to return to his family. After a long separation from his wife and child, he managed to restore relations with them by taking a resocialization course at a crisis center. Askar decided to move to another neighborhood to start his life anew, closer to his family, in a calmer and more supportive environment.

Askar understood that he was obliged to comply with all the conditions of probation, so he notified in advance the inspector who supervised him after his release. But the inspector’s response was far from professional. In response to the notification of the move, the inspector stated that he had not given permission to change his place of residence and that he “did not have time to chase every prisoner all over the city”. Askar’s file was reprimanded and the inspector threatened that if he violated the conditions again, he could be returned to the correctional facility.

Askar was completely desperate. He had followed the law and all the requirements of probation but faced harsh and unfair treatment. Thanks to REActor’s support, Askar was able to understand the situation and prove his case. REActor accompanied him to a meeting with the inspector, where it was shown that all of Askar’s actions were legal and that moving with his family was an important part of his re-socialization, reducing the risk of recidivism.

But even though in the end the permission to change the place of residence was obtained, the mark about the alleged violation remained in Askar’s file.

Another case occurred with Ilyas (name changed), who was convicted of distributing narcotic drugs and served his sentence in a general regime colony. After his release on parole, he regularly checked in with the probation department. Every week he came at a strictly scheduled time to meet with his supervisor. But one day, on June 3, 2024, when Ilyas arrived for his check-in at the scheduled time, his supervisor was not present.

The probation officer on duty told Ilyas to wait. More than an hour passed, and realizing that being late for work could cost him termination, Ilyas again asked for the inspector to be called. However, the inspector was still not there, and without waiting, Ilyas left in order not to lose his job.

In the evening of the same day, after 8 p.m., the inspector suddenly appeared at Ilyas’s house. There was a loud shout in the entrance: “Why didn’t you, convict, come to the mark?! I’ll send you back to the colony for disorderly conduct!” Ilyas tried to explain the situation, but the inspector refused to listen to him, accusing him of disregarding the rules. The accusations continued when the inspector stated that Ilyas had “red eyes” and demanded that he immediately go for an examination. “I will inform the narcology department that you are using drugs again,” the inspector added, grabbing Ilyas by his clothes and trying to pull him outside.

In the course of this confrontation, the inspector tore Ilyas’s T-shirt, and neighbors came out to the noise. Witnesses were outraged by the inspector’s rude behavior, and under the pressure of public outrage, the inspector let Ilyas go and left.

This incident was a heavy blow for Ilyas. Not only was he subjected to public humiliation, but he again faced the threat of being returned to the colony, despite his efforts to comply with the conditions of probation. The relationship with the inspector who was supposed to assist him in the re-socialization process turned into an open confrontation.

Both cases demonstrate the systemic problems faced by former prisoners in Kazakhstan:

– Excess of authority and bad faith of probation inspectors.

– Violation of the rights of former convicts.

– Social stigmatization and pressure.

Discrimination of people with criminal records in Kazakhstan is a problem not only at the level of society but also at the level of state bodies that are supposed to help former prisoners on their way to a normal life. The situations faced by Askar and Ilyas show how poorly organized probation services and abuse by individual staff can jeopardize the resocialization process itself. Urgent reforms of the probation system, improved qualifications of inspectors, and stricter monitoring of the rights of former convicts are urgently needed. Without these measures, discrimination will continue to be a barrier to successful integration into society.

Resolving сounseling сhallenges in the OST program in Montenegro

Post author By velyunsky
Post date June 20, 2024

At the begining of the year, REActors received a complaint from Luka (name changed) regarding the insufficient psychological counseling provided in the OST program. Luka’s primary concerns were the infrequent and brief sessions with the psychologist, along with the distracting environment in the overcrowded waiting area. He believed these conditions detracted from the quality of care he was entitled to.

Following up on Luka’s complaint, REActors’ team collaborated with the psychiatric clinic to evaluate the situation. The clinic’s psychiatric staff acknowledged the operational difficulties, noting the challenge of serving a large client base while ensuring personalized psychological support.

To address this issue, REActors offered Luka access to their counseling center, associated with the day center forpeople, who use psychoactive substances. This solution ensures that Luka receives the necessary psychological support in a more conducive environment, coordinated with the psychiatric clinic, thereby providing a tailored approach to meet his needs within REActors’ service framework.

Threats and cyberbullying against a non-binary person in Kazakhstan

Post author By velyunsky
Post date June 5, 2024

An incident that occurred last year and had a continuation in early 2024 related to Aruzhan (name changed). They are 21 years old, non-binary person, LGBTIQ+ activist. A university student saw Aruzhan’s recent posts regarding their civic activities and the attacks associated with them. This student, who was part of a group that had previously cyberbullying and threatening Aruzhan with violence because of their participation in a Pride Flag community event, began posting insults and threats again in a closed group on Telegram under an anonymous nickname.

The insults included derogatory terms and phrases, as well as threats of violence, such as “I’m itching to smack him in the back alley”. Aruzhan’s friend who was a member of the group forwarded screenshots of the messages. The client, despite the fact that they were now out of the attacker’s reach, were very worried about their safety and feared that they might be found and harmed.

This situation is an example of cyber-bullying and threats that violate the human rights to safe existence and protection from discrimination, in particular against LGBTIQ+ persons, and can also have significant psychological and physical consequences.

To protect their rights, Aruzhan sought the help of REActors. In response to the threats and cyberbullying, the REActors prepared and wrote a complaint to the university administration. Cyberbullying and threats of violence are prohibited by law and should be prosecuted. It is important that educational institutions and other institutions protect their students from such actions and create a safe environment for all, regardless of their gender identity and sexual orientation.

Delay in vital therapy: a case from Montenegro

Post author By velyunsky
Post date June 1, 2024

In January 2024, REActors received a complaint from Mateo (name changed) regarding a significant infringement on his right to access necessary treatment. Despite adhering to the protocol for early medication requisition at the designated pharmacy, Mateo was deprived of his essential ART for over ten days.

The gravity of this situation is underscored by the fact that Mateo had requested the medication a week in advance, yet it was not provided on time. REActors’ immediate response involved educating Mateo about his rights and the measures available to protect those rights in such scenarios. It is imperative for patients undergoing critical treatments like HIV therapy to be knowledgeable about their rights.

REActors also launched an independent investigation to ascertain the causes behind the medication delay. Their goal was to collaborate with pharmacy staff and relevant authorities to prevent such issues in the future. In Montenegro, HIV therapy distribution is centralized through a single pharmacy, which is staffed with trained professionals.

Mateo was then advised to file a formal complaint with the ombudsman for patient rights. This step is crucial in addressing such issues and improving healthcare service delivery. This incident highlights the importance of strict adherence to medical protocols and clear communication between healthcare providers and patients. Timely delivery of medication is vital for patients, emphasizing the need for effective resolution mechanisms within the healthcare system.

Solidarity and action: International AIDS Candlelight Memorial

Post author By velyunsky
Post date May 19, 2024

International AIDS Candlelight Memorial is held annually on the third Sunday of May in many countries around the world. This day was first celebrated in 1983 in the American city of San Francisco. At that time, a symbol of the movement against this disease appeared – a bright red ribbon attached to clothing and colorful quilts made of fabric scraps in memory of people who died prematurely because of AIDS. The red ribbon was created in 1991 by California artist Frank Moore. Every year on this day, people around the world pin it to their clothes to express solidarity with those affected by AIDS and to support efforts to reduce stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV.

According to the latest UNAIDS statistics, approximately 40 million people are living with HIV worldwide. Thanks to advances in modern medicine, HIV infection has become a manageable chronic disease: antiretroviral therapy (ART) allows people with HIV to live full lives. Nevertheless, in 2022, AIDS will claim the lives of 600,000 people worldwide. The situation with HIV remains particularly challenging in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA) region. According to UNAIDS, about 1.7 million people are living with HIV, and in recent years there has been an increase in new infections, with ART coverage available to only about 60% of those in need. Despite the existence of treatment and national strategies to ensure access to ART, many barriers remain in EECA that limit ART coverage and lead to an increase in the number of new HIV cases. The main causes of this phenomenon include:

– Stigma and discrimination: high levels of stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV discourage many from seeking medical care. People fear disclosure of their HIV status and negative consequences, which prevents timely testing and initiation of treatment. For example, this year in Kazakhstan, REActors recorded a case of a woman disclosing her status in one of the city hospitals. Nursing staff were instructed to put bracelets with personal data, including information on HIV status, on patients’ arms. After investigating the situation, the REActor filed a complaint with the chief physician of the hospital. As a result, an immediate order was issued to remove the confidential information from the bracelets, and the head of the department was reprimanded and then fired due to multiple previous violations, including disregard for patients’ rights. In North Macedonia, an attempt was made to prevent a man living with HIV from continuing to work in his position at a city hospital because of his status. Thanks to the work of national REActors, two complaints were filed: one with the director of the hospital where the man works, and one with the public Health Insurance Fund. As a result, the man was allowed to return to work and his issue has now been fully resolved.

– Limited access to health services: In some countries in the region, health services, including HIV testing and access to ART, are underdeveloped or difficult to access, especially in remote and rural areas.

– Information deficit: lack of information and education on HIV/AIDS leads to many people being unaware of treatment options and the importance of timely testing, as well as the disease itself. In Uzbekistan, a couple was found to be HIV-positive while preparing documents for a civil registry office. This fact, which had not been previously registered, was unauthorized disclosed by medical professionals, causing rumors and condemnation in the surrounding society. National REActors provided comprehensive support to future spouses, including counseling, information, psychological, and legal assistance (they were helped to protect their rights and deal with the responsibility of violators for improper disclosure of confidential information).

– Economic barriers: financial constraints and lack of resources make it difficult to ensure stable and widespread access to ART. In some countries, financial support from international donors is declining, which affects treatment availability or slows down the implementation of effective HIV programs.

These factors combine to create a complex situation in which, even with the availability of programs and the willingness of states to provide treatment, a significant proportion of the population remains unassisted. Greater intersectoral collaboration, increased awareness and reduced stigmatization, and improved access to and quality of health services are needed. An important aspect to improve the situation is to draw public attention to the problem, as on the International AIDS Candlelight Memorial. Let us remember those who are no longer with us and support those who can be helped!

United for equality: IDAHOBIT and the struggle for LGBTQIA+ rights in Eastern Europe and Central Asia

Post author By velyunsky
Post date May 17, 2024

The International Day Against Homophobia, Transphobia, and Biphobia (IDAHOBIT) is observed annually on May 17. This day serves to coordinate global efforts to raise awareness about the ongoing violations of LGBTQIA+ rights and to promote actions aimed at their protection. The date commemorates the removal of homosexuality from the International Classification of Diseases by the World Health Organization on May 17, 1990. And since 2004, IDAHOBIT has been a crucial platform for highlighting the discrimination and violence faced by LGBTQIA+ individuals globally.

This year’s theme, “No one left behind: equality, freedom, and justice for all”, calls for unity and solidarity, especially in the face of rising anti-democratic and anti-rights movements. Many LGBTQIA+ individuals continue to endure violence, stigma, and discrimination worldwide. Sixty-two UN member states criminalize consensual same-sex relations, either through laws or practices. At least 59 countries impose restrictions on freedom of expression related to sexual and gender diversity issues, with an alarming increase in such provisions over the past two years. While hate crime laws based on sexual orientation exist in 59 UN member states, only 38 protect against hate crimes based on gender identity, 9 on gender expression, and 5 on sex characteristics.

In Eastern Europe and Central Asia, LGBTQIA+ rights remain precarious. In 2023 alone, national REActors documented 1109 appeals from representatives of the LGBTQIA+ community in the region. The most common violations of the rights are discrimination, insults, harassment, threats, and, alas, often even assaults. In 2024 already in Armenia, the case was registered when the client met a man on Telegram from an LGBTIQ dating group and agreed to meet him, but the man drove off with the client’s belongings. The next day, he reported the incident to the police but faced harassment about his positive HIV status and military service, authorities’ representatives pressured him to reveal his meeting’s true nature. Only with the REActor’s support, the client was eventually released, and a preliminary investigation was initiated based on his complaint.

Many countries maintain laws that criminalize same-sex relations, and societal attitudes are often deeply conservative, leading to widespread discrimination and violence against LGBTQIA+ individuals. In some nations, LGBTQIA+ activism is met with significant resistance, and legal protections are minimal or nonexistent. Governments in this region have been slow to adopt reforms, and in some cases, have actively curtailed LGBTQIA+ rights. For instance, russia’s “gay propaganda” law, enacted in 2013, prohibits the distribution of information about LGBTQIA+ issues to minors, effectively silencing advocacy and increasing stigma. And in 2023 russia’s government unanimously supported new legislation to further restrict freedom of expression regarding sexual orientation and gender identity. It prohibits sharing positive and even neutral information about LGBTQIA+ people with hefty fines for noncompliance. In 2023, the President of Kyrgyzstan signed a law prohibiting the dissemination in the country of information that may be harmful to children. The document states that such information is defined as that which “denies family and traditional social values, promotes non-traditional sexual relations and forms disrespect for parents or other family members. A worrying situation has emerged in Georgia: the ruling party has proposed changes to the constitution that would restrict LGBTQIA+ rights. These measures could jeopardize the country’s accession to the EU. If the constitutional amendments are adopted, any LGBTQIA+ related gatherings will become illegal. The legislative initiative would also ban same-sex marriage, sex reassignment and adoption of children by same-sex couples.

Nevertheless, there have been positive strides. According to the Rating Sociological Group, in Ukraine, as of 2023, the level of tolerance in society during the war has increased: positive and neutral attitudes toward the LGBTQIA+ community have increased from 53% to 64%. A petition in support of registered partnerships for same-sex and different-sex couples in support of draft law No. 9103 “On the Institute of Registered Partnerships” as of April 26, 2023, has collected the required 25 thousand votes. Now it is up to President Zelenskyy to consider it.

Worldwide, 16 UN member states have implemented national bans on so-called «conversion therapies», and 9 have nationwide restrictions on unnecessary interventions for intersex youth. Seventeen UN member states recognize legal gender changes based on self-determination, and 35 have legalized marriage equality.

In light of these challenges, this year’s IDAHOBIT theme underscores the importance of solidarity in the fight for LGBTQIA+ rights. The push for equality, freedom, and justice is fundamental to building a democratic society where everyone is valued, respected, and is not left behind.

Combating violence against women in Tajikistan: a path to change

Post author By velyunsky
Post date May 1, 2024

In Tajikistan, violence against women remains one of the most serious social problems. According to various international and governmental organizations, between 50% and 80% of women and children in the country face this problem. Economic violence is the most common type of violence against women, accounting for 31%, followed by psychological violence (21%), physical violence (20%) and sexual violence (6%). Total control over married women is particularly dangerous.

A 2022 Project Spotlight study found that more than three-quarters of the women surveyed agreed that violence is widespread in society. However, only 45.6% say that violence is prevalent in their communities.

According to a 2023 study by the Eurasian Women’s Network on AIDS, legislation in Tajikistan does not always protect women facing gender-based violence. While there is no prohibition on women living with HIV or using drugs from seeking help, in practice these groups cannot always access shelters when experiencing domestic violence. Nor does the law provide for adolescents to access HIV testing and treatment without parental consent.

Regarding mechanisms for documenting and responding to cases of gender-based violence, according to REAct data for 2023 in Tajikistan 175 women who sought help reported domestic or intimate partner violence, with 342 women who were abused by others. In 2023, in Tajikistan, REActors documented 566 of women’s complaints about stigma, discrimination, and domestic violence.

To improve the situation, an expert on achieving strategic changes or amendments to legislation or procedures to prevent documented violations was engaged and a case study analysis was conducted. Based on this analysis, it became evident that the most common cases documented in the program are manifestations of violence, including domestic violence, against all members of key groups. Several suggestions were made to improve the situation. In particular, to conduct advocacy activities focusing on the problem of limited access of women from vulnerable groups to shelters after incidents of domestic violence. Currently, such women face difficulties in accessing shelters, as well as problems in the area of social benefits and digital security, as well as violations of the digital rights of members of the community of key population groups. In Tajikistan, there is a particular difficulty in effectively punishing perpetrators, as many victims, feeling regret or fear of disclosing their status, are reluctant to file complaints or refuse to file complaints against perpetrators at all. Women do not want criminal penalties for partners so that a criminal record will not affect the family and children in the future. Also, it is necessary to conduct information campaigns among inspection staff on the prevention of domestic violence, for example, as part of the campaign “16 Days Against Violence”, and to hold working meetings. Involved in these activities are employees of public services who work with the prevention of violence and identified cases of violence. Conduct training on violence prevention for key population groups and on crisis counseling for psychologists and lawyers working in public organizations with key population groups. It is recommended to organize shelters and low-threshold service centers in these NGOs to reduce stigma and discrimination against key population groups, as this assistance cannot be fully provided in other organizations.

As a result, the Ministry of Health of Tajikistan also approved a developed Memo for the staff of social service centers (available in Russian) assisting victims of domestic violence, and people in difficult life situations, to prevent the denial of social services for particularly vulnerable groups. The document stipulates that the provision of social services, including services in the conditions of the day or 24-hour centers for victims of all forms of violence, including domestic violence, is justified and considered necessary, and should have the social status of accessibility for all. The existing view, whereupon admission to such centers, people listed in the category of “practicing risky behavior” cannot be recipients of this service, is improper and illegal!

Violence against women in Tajikistan remains a serious problem affecting women and children. Despite the efforts of the government and international organizations, many victims continue to face difficulties in accessing assistance and protection. However, it is important to continue to work towards ensuring that all victims of gender-based violence have access to assistance and protection, regardless of their social status or the nature of the violations, to bring about meaningful change and create a safe and secure environment.

Protect your rights: defeating discrimination in Kazakhstan

Post author By velyunsky
Post date May 1, 2024

Svetlana (name changed), a resident of the city N, participates in a substitution therapy program (OAT). Through an outsourcing company, she was assigned to work for a firm selling household chemicals as a “packer”.

Svetlana successfully passed her probationary period, demonstrating her skills and diligence. However, when it came time to apply for permanent employment, she was rejected after learning of her participation in the OAT program. The employer rescinded the hiring decision, citing possible reputational consequences.

The girl turned to REActor for help and their efforts were not in vain. Together they sent appeals to various government agencies, demanding that the situation be sorted out. They also contacted the employer, who confirmed that Svetlana had successfully passed her probationary period and that the company was now ready to hire her permanently. The employer was probably afraid of possible negative consequences and decided to change his decision. Perhaps he realized that refusal to participate in the OAT program could lead to legal problems.

Also, as a result of the written appeals, the Department of Labor and Social Security began an inspection of the outsourcing company, which was subsequently placed on the list of unreliable labor market service providers.

This story shows how a REActor was able to change Svetlana’s life and influence the policies of the company that tried to stop her.

“I have my right to work”: the resilience of a person living with HIV working in a hospital in North Macedonia

Post author By velyunsky
Post date April 18, 2024

A person living with HIV who takes antiretroviral medications can work. In North Macedonia the Law on Labor Relations and the Law on the Prevention and Protection from Discrimination both prohibit discrimination based on health status, which includes HIV. However, in this case, an attempt was made to prohibit a person living with HIV from continuing to work at his place of employment, a city hospital in one Macedonian town.

“Don’t come to work.”

In August 2023, the person underwent an HIV test at the hospital where he works as auxiliary medical staff. When the test came back positive, the information was shared with all of his colleagues. That same day, he received a call from a doctor informing him that he should not report to work the following day. At the same time, the individual had other health issues, so he sought medical assistance at the same hospital where he had worked for almost 35 years. The same doctor who informed the individual that he should not report to work declined to examine him. The individual left to seek medical assistance in another place. In the meantime, the person started taking antiretroviral medicines.

After the visit to the hospital, the person took medical leave due to additional health conditions that necessitated bed rest. After his health issues were resolved, he wanted to return to work. However, his family doctor and the medical commission, which is in charge of awarding medical leave, continued to extend his medical leave without his consent and any specific reason, citing the fact that he is a person living with HIV. Soon after, he was directed to a doctor, who specialized in labor medicine, to evaluate his ability to work. According to the relevant legislation, if a person living with HIV is on medical leave for 10 months or less, he or she must have an assessment to determine his or her ability to work.

REAction and outcome

A REActor met with the individual and suggested he obtain a report from his doctor at the Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Conditions, stating that he is well and has no reason not to work. After receiving the report, the Association Stronger Together from Skopje filed two complaints: one with the director of the hospital where the individual works and one with the state Health Insurance Fund. The letter to the director described the violations committed by the staff, such as the denial of healthcare, the disclosure of medical data, and insults directed at the employee, and demanded that the hospital should initiate an investigation and punish the perpetrators, while also undertaking measures to stop the harassment of the employee. The Hospital was also notified that Stronger Together and other civil society organizations would be ready to provide legal support to the person with HIV should he decide to take the matter to court. The letter to the Health Insurance Fund indicated that the family doctor and the medical commission are providing medical leave to those who don’t need it and by default, spending the Fund’s money without justification; additionally, the letter enunciated that the extension of the medical leave was without the patient’s consent. Following the complaints, there was a reaction by the Hospital, which allowed the person to return to work and he has not reported any other breaches of his rights afterward.

Bridging borders: battling stigma in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Post author By velyunsky
Post date April 14, 2024

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, a married couple faces a complex legal battle with profound implications. Bekir (name changed) and Aurore (name changed), originally from Bosnia and Rwanda respectively, have encountered unexpected challenges in their quest to build a life together in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This story unfolds against the backdrop of immigration laws, health problems, and the pursuit of justice.

Their journey began with a serendipitous meeting in Rwanda, where Bekir was engaged in a construction project. Following their marriage in Rwanda, the couple encountered bureaucratic hurdles as they sought to establish a life together in Bosnia. Despite obtaining visas, Aurore’s HIV-positive status became a stumbling block in her application for permanent residency, with authorities citing concerns about public health.

Undeterred, the couple sought legal assistance to navigate the asylum process, recognizing it as a lifeline for their future together. With the support of a knowledgeable immigration lawyer, they are now advocating for refugee status based on principles of family reunification and the best interests of their child. Their case underscores the humanitarian imperative of preserving family unity and upholding international human rights standards, as enshrined in the Convention on the Rights of the Child. By leveraging international human rights principles, they aim to secure refugee status and a pathway to a secure future in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Moreover, Aurore’s HIV status not only adds a layer of complexity to their case but also highlights pervasive discrimination and stigma. Beyond legal battles, the couple is fighting for access to adequate healthcare, submitting requests to relevant authorities to ensure Aurore’s right to tertiary medical care following international standards. They submitted multiple requests to the relevant ministries, aiming to secure her right to tertiary medical care, which is crucial for her health and the well-being of their family.

The perseverance of Bekir and Aurore, along with the strategic legal advocacy provided by their lawyer, ultimately paid off. Aurore was granted refugee status, marking a significant victory in their journey. This allowed her to receive a refugee card, health insurance, and a personal identification number (JMBG), ensuring her access to essential services. With the legal hurdles behind them, the couple can now focus on building their life in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

This case not only represents a personal victory for Bekir and Aurore, but also showcases the transformative power of legal advocacy and the importance of partnerships between NGOs like Partnerships in Health and skilled legal professionals. Their combined efforts helped secure justice, challenge discrimination, and uphold human rights, demonstrating how resilience and expert support can overcome even the most daunting obstacles.

Entitlement or preference? The world celebrates Health Day

Post author By velyunsky
Post date April 7, 2024

April 7 marks World Health Day, founded by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1950. This day recalls the importance of health for all people in the world and emphasizes the need for access to skilled health care as a fundamental human right. In this context, providing life-saving services such as opioid substitution therapy (OST) to people from key populations is critical. This approach enables patients to manage physical dependence, reduce the risk of transmission of infectious diseases (e.g. HIV or hepatitis), and improve quality of life.

However, despite the proven effectiveness of OST, many people around the world (including in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia region) face barriers to accessing this treatment due to stigmatization, lack of access to health services, or legal restrictions. This creates serious obstacles for those in need of assistance.

For example, recent changes to the Ministry of Health’s January 24 Order to the opioid substitution therapy program in Georgia have made significant adjustments. Under the previous rules, patients participating in the program had the opportunity to receive a two-day dose of medication if they were unable to visit a healthcare facility, and this dose could be picked up for them by a family member or other authorized person. However, under the changes made, this right has been limited and patients or their authorized representatives must now visit the service center daily.

The changes also affected the ability to provide patients with pharmaceuticals in special cases. Previously, there was an option to receive a five-day supply of medication when long-term home treatment exceeding two months was required, or a seven-day supply for those with a pronounced disability or active tuberculosis. However, the amendments have completely abolished this exceptional regulation. Under the previous regulation, patients could also be given a dose if they had to move around the country (the principle of business travel). The innovations have abolished this regulation and now, even in cases of exceptional need such as business travel or ill health, patients can only be given a one-day dose.

Kazakhstan also has a serious problem with violations of the rights to health care and health maintenance for people who use psychoactive substances. These problems have been identified, including through the REAct, on appeals related to obstacles in accessing medical services for clients. This situation covers several aspects:

– Lack of access to free medical care, including tests and abortions, for persons without compulsory social health insurance.

– Limited access to a guaranteed amount of free medical care for people who use psychoactive substances.

– Insufficient drug supply and diagnosis of diseases among persons in detention centers.

According to the Order of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan from September 23, 2020, № KR DSM-108/2020, treatment of people who use psychoactive substances is carried out within the guaranteed volume of free medical care in regional Mental Health Centers (MHC). Anonymous treatment is available only on a paid basis. However free medical care does not provide the necessary range of services for social, psychological, pedagogical, labor, cultural, economic, and legal support for people from the community.

The theme of this year’s World Health Day is “My Health, My Right” and aims to support and recognize the right of everyone, wherever they are, to access high-quality health care, education and health information, and freedom from discrimination. This means that it is worth taking another opportunity to draw public attention to such violations of people’s rights to quality and timely health care and the need to develop a model that complies with human rights principles and international standards while taking into account the needs of patients, their families and the interests of organizations providing addiction treatment services. And legislate to guarantee the provision of a full range of assistance for the treatment and rehabilitation of everyone who needs it.

Health is everyone’s right, as is equal access for all people to qualified care.

Showing strength: International Transgender Day of Visibility

Post author By velyunsky
Post date March 31, 2024

March 31 is International Transgender Day of Visibility, which is dedicated to supporting, recognizing, and raising awareness of the rights of transgender people around the world. It is a time to raise important issues related to the transgender community and stimulate public dialog about the importance of respect and equality.

In the Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA) region, the visibility and rights situation for transgender people remains complex and multifaceted. Laws and policies in individual countries restrict community rights, including access to health care, gender reassignment, and protection from discrimination. In 2023 alone, national REActors documented 1,109 complaints from members of the LGBTIQ community in the region. The most common violations of the rights of transgender people are discrimination, insults, harassment, threats, and, alas, often it even comes to attacks. An example happened in Armenia with a transgender girl, an activist, and an employee of a local NGO. While testing and counseling a client for HIV, she was attacked by a stranger. With the participation of REActors, it was possible to record the facts of the crime and ensure the initiation of a criminal case. Another egregious case occurred in Tajikistan – a transgender woman was detained without reason by law enforcement officials and her personal belongings were confiscated. Interrogations began. This put the victim in an extremely difficult situation. REActors were able to provide legal defense by finding a lawyer willing to take on the case and defend her rights. They were also able to raise the necessary funds for the client to leave the country safely. Thanks to their support, after two months, the case was closed and the belongings were returned.

The fight to protect the rights of transgender people in the EECA region remains relevant and important. A lot of work is still needed, but the situation is gradually changing for the better, mainly due to the active role of transgender people themselves in this process. They invest a great deal of interest in creating changes that directly affect their lives and well-being (because for the majority of authorities, who are usually people who are not uncomfortable with gender conformity, alas, these issues may seem less important or irrelevant). Local non-governmental organizations and community groups are also actively working for the benefit of transgender people in the EECA region, providing them with support, information, and protection from discrimination and violence. These efforts play an important role in raising awareness and creating a safe and supportive environment for transgender people. It is important to continue to mobilize public opinion, give support to the transgender community, and work to create laws and policies that protect their rights and dignity.

On International Transgender Day of Visibility, each of us can do something important to show our support. Here are a few ways you can do that:

1. Education and awareness: learn more about transgender issues, history, and the fight for transgender people’s rights. The more we know, the better we can support their fight for equal rights and opportunities.

2. active listening and support: listen to the stories and experiences of transgender people without judgment. Support them by expressing your support and solidarity. Have an open dialog and be willing to listen to their needs and experiences.

3. Participate in events: take part in events to commemorate International Transgender Day of Visibility. These can be rallies, public lectures, marches, or other events to raise awareness and support for the transgender community.

4. Utilize social media: share transgender people’s stories, relevant articles, and resources to spread the word about March 31 and the importance of supporting this community.

5. Financial support: support organizations and charities working to benefit the transgender community. You can make donations or participate in fundraisers to help fund support and advocacy programs.

6. Fight for rights: engage in active resistance to discrimination and violence against transgender people. Support legislative initiatives and policies to protect their rights and ensure equality before the law.

7. Respect Identity: respect and recognize everyone’s gender identity. Use correct pronouns and respect their choice of name and expression of their gender.

Showing support and solidarity with transgender people is an important step towards creating a society where everyone can feel respected and protected, regardless of gender identity.

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