The story of Maria (name changed), living with HIV+ in rented dormitory accommodation, was a testimony of injustice and discrimination. But thanks to the decisive actions and support of REActor, the woman was able to defend her rights and change the course of events.
In the latest episode of her fight for equal rights, Maria was notified that she needed to be evicted from the dormitory because of her HIV+ status. The commandant of the dormitory made it clear that Maria staying there could pose a risk of HIV transmission to other residents, especially children.
This is not the first case of discrimination Maria has faced, but this time she decided not to keep silent and turned to REActor for help. The paralegal provided her with not only support but also information about her rights and possible actions.
The first step was the REActor’s consultation with Maria. Her rights were explained and possible steps for advocacy were suggested. Then, together with the REActor, they went to the dormitory to discuss the grounds for eviction with the administration.
A meeting with the hostel commandant confirmed that the decision to evict was directly related to the HIV+ status of Maria and her child. To overcome stigma and discrimination, the REActor decided to have a preventive conversation with the hostel administrator. The ways of HIV transmission and prevention methods were explained, it was emphasized that HIV is not airborne and that discrimination against PLHIV is unacceptable.
The commandant of the dormitory apologized for the incident and assured Maria that she was allowed to stay. There was also a promise of confidentiality and training for dormitory staff to prevent similar incidents in the future.
This story highlights the importance of combating discrimination and stigmatization of PLHIV in Kazakhstan. By persevering and seeking help, Maria and the REActor were able to achieve justice and change society’s view of the real risks of HIV transmission. Combating prejudice and raising public awareness about PLHIV remain key steps towards an inclusive society.
It all started with Ruslan’s (name changed) HIV test, which turned out to be positive. According to the preliminary agreement with the REActor, a visit to the AIDS center was scheduled to confirm the diagnosis. However, on that day the situation took an unexpected turn.
Ruslan was found by the REActor in an extremely serious condition, experiencing intense pain. The client reported that he had already asked for an ambulance the day before, but had been refused. The REActor called the ambulance again but also faced a negative reaction from the medical staff. They treated the man with disdain (Ruslan was from a community of people who use drugs and had no permanent residence at the time of the call), believing that he did not need hospitalization and expressing displeasure with his smell.
Despite the difficulties, the REActor insisted on hospitalization, taking full responsibility for the client. Eventually, after much persuasion, Ruslan was still taken to the emergency hospital. Immediately thereafter, the REActor contacted the superintendent, summoning an ambulance crew and holding a meeting about the unacceptable treatment and discrimination of patients.
However, after being discharged from the hospital, a new challenge arose – refusal to register for dispensary registration at the City AIDS Center due to lack of attachment to the polyclinic. Again, the REActor took on the problem, providing support with documents and ensuring that he was attached to a polyclinic.
Ruslan underwent all the necessary tests at the AIDS Center and started antiretroviral therapy (ART).
This story demonstrates how stigma and discrimination create additional difficulties for patients, depriving them of their right to quality medical care. Thanks to the perseverance and determination of the REActor, stereotypes and discrimination were countered. This case became a call to combat negative stereotypes, raise awareness among medical staff, and create a tolerant environment where every patient can expect impartial and quality care, regardless of their status or circumstances.
In 2023, ENPUD’s Expert Council on Drug Policy started documenting strategic cases among people who inject drugs in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. In Kazakhstan, 3 strategic cases were documented. Based on the collected evidence, ENPUD experts prepared an analytical document on drug policy trends in the country.
Zero tolerance policy and double standards practice, this is all you need to know about the fight against drug trafficking in Kazakhstan. To say that there is outright repression of drug addicts here is to say nothing. The dictatorial system can only prohibit everything and limit people’s rights and freedoms in every possible way, what to say about people who use drugs?
In Kazakhstan, “drug addiction” is a stigma, with which it is almost impossible for a person to fully socialize in a normal society, because this label will constantly hang behind the back, highlighted in all electronic databases, even after the official deregistration. Such a person is in a constant atmosphere of distrust and violation of rights, he can be taken for examination for no other reason than the
He or she is denied access to the civil service and many other official places, including representative bodies, as this fact is often used by the authorities as criminalization and banal compromise. These facts of marginalization are confirmed by health professionals, publications in the media, as well as by the testimonies of people who are registered as drug users.
This publication is a product developed independently by the regional community ENPUD. The opinions expressed in the publication may not align with the position of the Global Fund, the Alliance for Public Health, the regional project SoS_project, REAct, or partners in the countries. Representatives of the aforementioned organizations were not involved in the writing, approval, or review of the material presented in this publication.
In 2023, ENPUD’s Expert Council on Drug Policy began documenting strategic cases among people who inject drugs in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. In Kyrgyzstan, 7 strategic cases were documented. Based on the collected evidence, ENPUD experts prepared an analytical document on drug policy trends in the country.
In Kyrgyzstan, as in many other countries, the problem of repressive drug policy remains one of the serious social and public problems. However, against the background of the fight against illicit drugs, some cases raise doubts about the legality of the actions of law enforcement agencies. In recent years, cases of people who use drugs or have a history of drug use being subjected to arbitrary treatment by police officers have become increasingly common, raising serious questions about the legality and fairness of such actions.
fairness of such actions.
For many years, police officers have portrayed people with drug problems as criminals and dangerous subhumans, dehumanizing them and creating stigma and discrimination. This practice was intended to deprive civil society of the grounds for defending the rights of such people. Instead of following its true purpose of protecting the property, health, and social well-being of all citizens,
including those who have encountered drugs, the police sometimes carried out actions that violated their rights.
Drug control agencies in Kyrgyzstan have long used practices that violate the rights of people who use drugs or have a history of drug use. This included planting drugs, extortion, and corruption. Such police behavior created additional hardship for those who were already in difficult situations.
This publication is a product developed independently by the regional community ENPUD. The opinions expressed in the publication may not align with the position of the Global Fund, the Alliance for Public Health, the regional project SoS_project, REAct, or partners in the countries. Representatives of the aforementioned organizations were not involved in the writing, approval, or review of the material presented in this publication.
Lusine (name changed), 32 years old, faced severe violence from a client she encountered in the course of her professional activities in N city. Lusine moved to this city from a war zone, where she worked as a waitress and occasionally engaged in sex work. In her new residence, she faced more difficult conditions, which forced her to delve into sex work to provide for her basic needs, such as paying rent.
One day, after vaginal sex, a client insisted on oral sex, offering an additional fee. Lusine refused, leading to a conflict that later escalated into physical violence. The client beat the girl, and at the end inserted a used condom into her mouth before leaving the apartment.
Although Lusine is embarrassed to seek help, she has told close friends about the incident and is determined to seek support and justice. In her quest for legal protection, she has turned to the New Generation organization, where lawyers are working hard to provide her with the help and support she needs.
A New Generation lawyer is actively working on this case, trying to help the girl file a police report anonymously, given her desire for confidentiality.
During 2023, national REActors in Georgia documented 13 cases of violence in which individuals were punished through courts or law enforcement agencies. One such story was the fate of 30-year-old Lana (name changed), a pregnant woman engaged in sex work.
Lana, living with her husband and mother-in-law, faced an unpleasant situation that dramatically changed her life. Four months pregnant, she was assaulted by her husband, who, blinded by jealousy and mistakenly believing that the child was not his, inflicted severe bodily harm on her.
Lana sought help from the REActor. With Lana’s consent, he called the police, and the husband, the perpetrator of the assault, was arrested. The pregnant woman herself, alas, required transfer to a clinic for medical care.
This case is just one of many that emphasize the urgency of the problem of domestic violence and the importance of community solidarity in the fight against this phenomenon.
In Kazakhstan, the dismissal of Alan (name changed), a man living with HIV+, prompted the intervention of REActors. Paralegals came to the aid of a man who faced discrimination at his workplace in a private packaging firm.
Alan was fired from his job on the shop floor of a private firm after a colleague learned of his HIV-positive status. A senior manager at the firm invited Alan to speak to him and, citing negative attitudes from coworkers, asked him to quit. The manager was dismissive of Alan, ignoring his rights and refusing to listen to his side of the situation.
The REActor took it upon himself to protect Alan’s rights by taking the following steps – he went to the private firm to meet with the senior manager. During the conversation, issues of discrimination and violations of Alan’s employment rights were raised. The REActor drew the manager’s attention to the fact that the dismissal was based solely on Alan’s HIV status, which was a breach of the law.
It was emphasized that the Labor Law prohibits dismissal for reasons unrelated to professional duties or health conditions if it does not affect the performance of employment duties.
The manager, representing the firm, apologized for the unfortunate termination and expressed his willingness to hire Alan back, acknowledging his incompetence in the matter.
Alan eventually received not only an apology but also an offer to return to work. However, perhaps because of the negative experience, Alan declined the offer.
This case became a shining example of successful advocacy for the rights of a person with HIV+ in Kazakhstan. REActors continue its work to combat discrimination and violations of rights in employment, ensuring fairness and equal opportunities for all citizens.
On November 30, 2023, a meeting was held to discuss issues on mandatory social health insurance (MSHI) from community representatives with representatives of the Non-Public Joint Stock Company “FSMS” and the Drug Policy Department of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
During the meeting, topical topics and issues related to compulsory health insurance, namely:
– lack of possibility to take tests and perform abortion without paying for MSHI.
– access of people who use drugs to the guaranteed volumes of free medical care and diagnosis of diseases among citizens in prison.
The appeals gathered through the REAct tool were used during one of the presentations on barriers to accessing health services for people who inject drugs.
The participants of the meeting were able to express their opinions and share their experiences in this area. This allowed to creation of an atmosphere of open dialog and mutual understanding between different stakeholders.
Representatives of the NAO “FSMS” and the Drug Policy Department of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan presented their positions and answered the questions of the meeting participants. Special attention was paid to the issues of accessibility and quality of medical care for people from key population groups.
The participants of the meeting discussed possible ways to improve the system, a good proposal was to introduce an “insurance amnesty” for people undergoing long-term treatment and rehabilitation.
In general, the meeting was very useful and productive for all participants. Different points of view were expressed, common ways of cooperation were found and actions to improve the system of compulsory health insurance were defined. This allows us to hope for positive changes in this area and improve the availability and quality of medical care for all citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The event was organized by the Association of Legal Entities “Kazakhstan Union of People Living with HIV”.
On November 16, World Tolerance Day is commemorated globally, a day that holds special significance for the National Trans Coalition Human Rights NGO (NTC) as it coincides with the organization’s anniversary. Under the theme “Celebrate diversity!”, this year’s event convened approximately 200 representatives from state institutions, diplomatic missions, international and local organizations, communities, and various stakeholders.
The commemoration began with welcoming speeches and congratulatory notes, followed by the NTC team presenting the organization’s accomplishments over the past year. They shared the annual report, highlighting statistics on human rights violations, instances of stigma and discrimination, as well as cases of violence stemming from intolerance. After the formal segment of the event, participants engaged in treatment sessions, free-flowing conversations, and discussions.
The primary focus of NTC remains the eradication of intolerance directed towards trans*, non-binary, and gender-diverse individuals in Armenia. As the organization celebrates another year of resilience, unity, and solidarity, they take a moment to reflect on those lost, acknowledging their strength in the face of adversity. A firm commitment is made to combat transphobia, aspiring to contribute to the creation of a better, safer, and more inclusive world for everyone.
Expressing gratitude for the journey thus far, the NTC remains steadfast in its dedication to the cause and a home for many.
TOC (Association for sustainable communities development) in cooperation with the Center for Social Work from Zaječar in the previous period worked on solving the problem of treating an HIV positive patient, a beneficiary of this Center.
At the invitation of the Center for Social Work, a meeting of this institution and the TOC team was held on the topic of solving the problems of their beneficiary. On that occasion, it was explained by the representative of the Center for Social Work that they had a beneficiary who had attempted suicide and that during treatment and rehabilitation of injuries in the hospital, this beneficiary found out his HIV status. Given that the health institutions tried to provide only basic help to the patient and then let him go to home treatment, the Center for Social Work contacted the TOC team with the idea that this user should first receive adequate HIV therapy and then appropriate housing. In cooperation with the Infectious Disease Clinic of the Clinical Center Kragujevac and the Health Center Zaječar, this person was prescribed adequate therapy and the treatment process began. Before the therapy itself, in cooperation with the Center for Social Work and the doctors of the infectious department of the Health Center Zaječar, the TOC team conducted a voluntary confidential counseling service, during which a conversation was held with the clientabout the importance of applying antiretroviral therapy for HIV.
After medical care, the Center for Social Work worked to provide adequate accommodation for this beneficiary, given that he has no family and would remain on the streets after recovering in the hospital. He is currently in the gerontological center in Niš, where he will be provided with all necessary care. The TOC team worked to provide adequate and necessary HIV therapy, which the beneficiary regularly receives under medical supervision. Through regular communication with the Infectious Diseases Clinic of the University Clinical Center Niš, on whose territory the beneficiary is currently located, TOC works on the continuous procurement of antiretroviral drugs for HIV necessary for the beneficiary’s further treatment. The Center for Social Work has recognized TOC as a safe partner that can be turned to to adequately help its beneficiary, and in connection with the treatment of HIV infection.
In the world of medicine, despite the high standards of professionalism imposed, there is
sometimes a problem of stigmatization by healthcare providers towards their patients, especially those from key populations. This internal stigma can manifest itself in the form of biased opinions, lack of empathy, avoidance, and even disclosure of confidential information. Such behavior constitutes moral violence against the person seeking help and should not go unnoticed or unpunished. Before International AIDS Day on December 1, it is particularly important to remember that stigma creates barriers to effective prevention and treatment, and prioritizing efforts to overcome it (including within the medical community) and create a more supportive environment for all is a key factor in achieving the 95-95-95 goals.
Gulmira (name changed), a client living with HIV, went to give birth in a maternity hospital. However, from the very beginning, she encountered an unpleasant attitude on the part of medical staff.
Upon arrival at the facility, she had to repeatedly explain that she was not from a community of people who use drugs and was not a sex worker and that she did not have such friends. But this did not change the situation. During labor, the midwife said that people like Gulmira, «…get sick and give birth to disabled people». And when the process of stitching up after a cesarean section was underway, she told Gulmira: “God forbid you to twitch and I’ll inject you, you’re gonna be in a lot of trouble! I’m tired of running to take tests after people like you”. It was insulting and humiliating. While being transferred to the ward, Gulmira noticed the unkind and curious looks of the nurses. These four days in the maternity ward seemed to her as if she was in some kind of Kunstkammer.
Together with a doctor from the AIDS Center, the REActor decided to intervene. They went to the maternity center and educated the head of the ward, recalling Article 76 of the Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On the Health of the People and the Health Care System”, which guarantees the protection of citizens from any form of discrimination and stigmatization due to the presence of any disease.
The REActor also conducted a preventive talk with the medical staff on the topic of stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV. She emphasized the importance of understanding, supporting, and treating every patient impartially, regardless of their HIV status.
This story emphasizes that stigma and discrimination in healthcare settings can seriously affect a patient’s physical and emotional well-being. The intervention of the REActor and the AIDS Center doctor helped to change attitudes and create a more supportive environment for Gulmira and other people living with HIV.
The role of judges in addressing critical health and social issues is pivotal. The justice system can either hinder or facilitate social and public health efforts to ensure equitable healthcare, ultimately contributing to the achievement of universal health coverage with inclusivity. The establishment of an independent, impartial, accountable, and professional judicial system, coupled with the protection of fundamental rights, is increasingly becoming a focal point of discussion in regions where certain countries are aspiring to join the European Union.
The EECA Judges’ Forum on HIV, Human Rights, and the Law, scheduled for November 27-28, 2023, in Chisinau, Moldova, presents a significant platform for discussing crucial issues backed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). REAct, as an instrument dedicated to human rights, has compiled data shedding light on the judicial system’s role in addressing key challenges.
Legal hurdles:
Between 2019 and 2023, over 20,000 appeals related to human rights violations among key populations were documented in 14 countries of the region. However, only 0.5% of these appeals found resolution through legal proceedings, emphasizing the challenges in accessing justice. Bureaucratic complexities, financial difficulties, and a lack of trust in the justice system contribute to victims refraining from defending their rights.
Barriers to accessing justice:
Victims face obstacles due to complexities in the state-guaranteed free legal assistance system, with issues such as lack of interest, bribery, and the absence of state-appointed lawyers during investigative actions. Courts’ tendencies to side with the prosecution in cases involving vulnerable populations deter victims from pursuing justice. Moreover, court bailiffs, particularly in Kyrgyzstan, are ineffective in collecting alimony, impacting women, who constitute 95% of victims in such cases.
HIV criminalization: situation analysis:
The disclosure of HIV status, and in Uzbekistan, sexual orientation, can trigger criminal cases, irrespective of intent or adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Investigations often violate privacy rights, with statements coerced under pressure from law enforcement. In Tajikistan, 40 appeals under Article 125 were received, resulting in limited positive outcomes, and Uzbekistan, one trial led to a two-year imprisonment despite legal support.
Advocacy for HIV decriminalization:
Efforts toward HIV decriminalization have gained momentum. In 2022, an alternative report to CEDAW on Uzbekistan recommended repealing laws criminalizing HIV. In 2023, draft laws proposing legal changes to reduce criminalization are being developed in Kazakhstan, Georgia, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan. These include repealing specific articles and transferring offenses to the framework of general crimes, reflecting a strategic shift.
Future actions:
Looking ahead to 2024, these proposed legal changes will be submitted for public consultation, involving high-level discussions and negotiations with parliamentary members, ministries, and ombudsmen. The aim is to progressively reduce the criminalization of people living with HIV and key populations, fostering a legal environment that aligns with human rights principles.
Drug use criminalization: situation analysis
Law enforcement often uses unrelated articles like “breach of public order” to pursue people, who use drugs, leading to unjustified criminalization. Russia’s repressive drug policy extends its influence to regions like Transnistria, where cases of criminalization without intent to sell have been recorded.
Drug use decriminalization: advocacy and progress
Efforts toward drug use decriminalization have gained momentum. In 2022, the EECA Commission on Drug Policy (ECECACD) initiated its work, outlining guiding principles for effective and humane drug policies. In 2023, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, and Moldova developed drug policy road-maps, focusing on repealing specific articles and introducing alternatives to punishment. High-level country visits facilitated progress in Lithuania, Kyrgyzstan, and Moldova, while an OHCHR report in 2023 highlighted drug use challenges in the region.
Same-sex criminalization and discrimination
Instances of discrimination persist, such as classifying a same-sex kiss as disorderly conduct in Uzbekistan and persecuting gay men in Tajikistan. A violent attack on a trans* woman faced judicial denial in Kazakhstan. Responses include case submissions to OSCE, alternative reports, and statements on LGBT discrimination in Central Asia during the High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development.
Sex work criminalization: uncovering injustices
In Kyrgyzstan, despite sex work not being criminalized, sex workers face pursuit, fines, and detainment for non-compliance or disorderly conduct. Extortion is prevalent, with 314 appeals reporting bribes by local police officers. In Uzbekistan, sex work is considered an aggravating circumstance, leading to severe sentences. Detentions involve compulsory HIV and STI testing, often with the purpose of extortion. Crimes involving sexual assault against sex workers, especially by police officers, are challenging to bring to court due to the lack of necessary infrastructure and the difficulty of proving allegations.
Women in focus: addressing sexual assault challenges
Crimes involving sexual assault, particularly when the victim is a sex worker and the perpetrator is a police officer, pose significant challenges in Central Asian countries. The absence of ratification of the Istanbul Convention further compounds these challenges.
Conclusion and next steps:
The data presented by REAct at the EECA Judges’ Forum highlights the pressing need to confront legal obstacles, champion HIV decriminalization, and foster a justice system that protects the rights of individuals and key populations grappling with HIV.
Examining the intricate legal challenges across the EECA region underscores the necessity for a holistic strategy. Advocacy initiatives for drug use decriminalization, combatting discrimination, and ensuring justice for vulnerable groups must persist as overarching priorities. Looking ahead to 2024, the emphasis should shift toward enacting legislative changes aimed at diminishing criminalization across diverse spheres. This approach aims to cultivate a legal landscape that not only adheres to human rights principles but also champions inclusivity.
Zurab (name changed) from Georgia is a participant in a methadone program that supports people with drug dependence problems. For the past four years, Zurab has been actively using the services of a local nongovernmental organization (NGO) that provides this service. One day he found himself at the service center in the company of two of his friends, where they received the necessary assistance as well as consumables from social workers. The beneficiaries were given cards with unique codes and the logo of the harm reduction network, as well as the addresses of the service centers.
A few blocks later, however, Zurab and his friends were stopped by police. Demanding to check the contents of their bags, the police conducted the incident right on the street, using insulting words and physical violence against all three of them.
The problem arose over an ampoule of naloxone, a life-saving medication to prevent overdoses. Zurab explained its purpose, but the police officers did not understand the situation. The man asked to call a social worker, who was also a REACTOR.
Within hours of Zurab’s arrest, the paralegal was contacted, arrived on the scene promptly, and provided detailed information about naloxone. Thanks to the paralegal’s efforts, Zurab was released.
Zurab’s story highlights not only the importance of methadone programs in Georgia but also the need for law enforcement to be trained in harm reduction. The story of this case underscores the difficulties that can arise in the daily lives of participants in such programs and the urgent need to protect their rights and health.
In 2023, 20 cases were reported in Uzbekistan of people living with HIV being suspected, questioned, and prosecuted under Article 113 of the Criminal Code. Most of these cases are successfully resolved due to the active participation of stakeholders in the pre-trial investigation. However, one particular case stands out as a court decision that raises serious questions about fairness and respect for human rights.
This controversial case involves the prosecution of Lola (name changed) under Article 113 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which involves willful HIV infection. The client insists on her innocence, denying the existence of sexual contacts that, according to the prosecution, could have led to the infection.
Pressured by the district police officer, Lola claims that he forced her acquaintance to sign a statement about a sexual encounter. The friends were physically assaulted, which was a factor in the conviction. The client exercised her right to counsel and was provided with friendly counsel for her defense.
The negligent investigation and trial resulted in the court failing to consider all of the evidence of innocence presented by Lola and sentencing Lola to two years in a general population facility.
REActors took Lola’s case, providing her with professional legal assistance. After the appeal, the client was referred to an experienced lawyer who carried out the necessary investigative measures. Nevertheless, the court did not take into account the evidence collected, which creates grounds for reconsideration of this decision.
Lola continues to fight for her innocence, seeking legal defense and hoping for a review of the court decision. This case raises important questions about justice, respect for human rights, and the need for careful consideration of each case, especially in the context of infectious diseases, where allegations can have serious consequences for the lives and freedom of people living with HIV.
Ashot (name changed), who had been living with HIV for four years and was on antiretroviral therapy (ARV), went to a dental clinic to get implants. He chose this medical facility because it was considered one of the best in the city.
At the consultation with the doctor, Ashot discussed his plans and they agreed on subsequent visits to the clinic. After the consultation, the client was promised a questionnaire. In the process of filling out the questionnaire, Ashot indicated “YES” to the question about HIV infection.
However, the next day, Ashot was refused treatment, namely implantation. An employee of the clinic informed him over the phone that implants are not performed for “patients with AIDS”. This statement became the basis for Ashot’s appeal to the NGO New Generation.
REActors from the NGO New Generation accepted Ashot’s case. A paralegal representing the organization contacted the clinic, introducing himself as a client who wanted to have a tooth extracted. During the conversation, he specified that he was a member of the community of people living with HIV. In response, he was told to report in person to the medical center.
The REActor then forwarded the case to the organization’s lawyer, who is currently investigating the case. New Generation is committed to addressing this discriminatory situation and supporting the rights of people living with HIV.
The case is currently under investigation and the organization’s lawyer is actively working to resolve the case. REActors are also providing support to Ashot in the process of litigation and protection of his rights.
New Generationemphasizes that discrimination based on HIV status is unacceptable and contrary to the principles of equality and human rights. The organization will continue its work to protect the rights and interests of people facing discrimination in the medical field.
Zeinab’s (name changed) story is just one of many such cases. Married at seventeen, she faced difficulties when her husband left for Russia, leaving her alone with a child and no means of livelihood. Attempts to get support from her parents proved futile, and Zeinab was forced to turn to sex work. When her landlord found out about her activities, he demanded that she move out.
It was at this point that REActors intervened after hearing about the situation from other sex workers. Working with the NGO Clean World, they organized a shelter for Zeinab and her child, providing not only shelter and food but also free services for victims of domestic and sexual violence. A lawyer was engaged to resolve the eviction issue. Despite the lack of a lease, sanctions against the landlord were not possible.
Zeinab also began vocational training aimed at her eventual reintegration into society. The shelter provided her with the opportunity to acquire the skills needed to live independently. Despite her difficulties, she remains hopeful for a brighter future.
The challenges facing women in Azerbaijan are often related to early marriage, limited access to education, and high unemployment. Involvement in sex work becomes a frequent response to these factors. It is therefore important to continue to fight for women’s rights and provide support and alternatives for those who want to change their lives. The intervention of NGOs and REActors undoubtedly plays a key role in this process.
Sylvia (name changed) discovered her HIV-positive status during pregnancy. A visit to her family doctor turned into an unpleasant experience for her, with medical staff discriminating and stigmatizing her. Instead of support and professional help, she was given incorrect information about HIV infection, which only increased her fear and anxiety.
In addition, she was forcibly sent for an abortion, which was a difficult experience for her. Following this event, the woman was referred to a specialized medical facility for hospitalization and to receive antiretroviral therapy (ART), which is necessary to maintain her health and prevent HIV transmission.
The response to the incident was swift and decisive. The case was referred to a legal expert and an application to the Equality Council was being prepared to punish those responsible and prevent similar situations in the future. However, Sylvia encountered resistance from her spouse and they decided not to pursue the case to a conclusion.
At the moment, the client continues to struggle not only with HIV, but also with the self-stigma caused by the events. She finds support in specialized organizations and works with the help of professionals to overcome her fears and doubts. Her story is a reminder of the importance of tolerance, professionalism and solidarity in the medical field.
In a world where the right to education is paramount, there are times when exceptional circumstances test the limits of compassion and flexibility within the educational system. The story of a 14-year-old girl with disabilities and her unwavering determination, combined with REActor ‘s intervention and an exceptional decision by the school board, is a success story that exemplifies the triumph of resilience and compassion in the face of adversity.
The mother of a 14-year-old girl, an excellent student, found herself in a challenging predicament. Her daughter had spent a considerable amount of time in the hospital due to chronic illnesses, causing her to miss a significant number of school days. Faced with the legal consequence of grade repetition due to her daughter’s extensive absences, the desperate and frustrated mother turned to REActor for support and assistance. REActor understood the unique circumstances of this case and recognized the girl’s fundamental right to education. He proposed a solution to the mother: to approach the school board and request an exception based on the extraordinary circumstances.
The school board convened to discuss the case, and what followed was a significant decision that would have a positive impact on the girl’s educational journey. The school board decided to allow the girl to attend online classes prepared by her teachers. This innovative approach, a first for the school, would enable her to keep up with her studies and take her exams, all from her hospital room.
This groundbreaking decision to make online education mandatory was initiated by REActor’s advocacy. It not only secured the girl’s access to education but also pioneered an innovative educational approach previously unexplored by the school.
This success story underscores the importance of recognizing and upholding the fundamental right to education for every child, regardless of their circumstances. It showcases the flexibility and compassion that the educational system can demonstrate when faced with exceptional challenges.
This case is a prime example of how considering exceptional cases and thinking outside the box can lead to remarkable outcomes. It serves as an inspiration for educators, parents, and policymakers, emphasizing that, in the pursuit of knowledge and education, compassion should always have a place.
